Introduction:
Whenever we hear the word cholesterol we think of something bad like clogged arteries or heart attack. In reality cholesterol is not a villain but a very important compound that the body needs for its proper functioning. Am I confusing you? Don’t be, because you are not alone.
In this blog we will get to know about cholesterol, what it is, why it matters and how it effects or health. If you are a patient of high cholesterol or someone interested in human body, you are in the right place.
What is Cholesterol?
If we talk about appearance, it is a waxy fat like substance present in every cell of your body. It is require for making hormones, digesting food and vitamin D absorption. Liver is the only organ that produces all the cholesterol in the body, but it also comes from the food we eat, especially from animal based food such as meat, cheese and eggs.
It is broadly divided into two main types:
1. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL):
It is referred to as “The Bad Cholesterol”. It lodges in the arteries making them narrow and creating heart problems.
2. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL):
It is referred to as “The Good Cholesterol”. It works completely opposite to LDL by removing the extra cholesterol present in the arteries.
Triglycerides is another type of fat that is present in the blood, it plays a role in heart health and is measured alongside cholesterol.
Why is Cholesterol Important?
Cholesterol has a bad reputation despite of the many good roles that it play in our body and is crucial for its proper functioning. Some functions include;
Cell membrane of the cell contains it and is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane.
Important hormones like testosterone, estrogen and cortisol are derived from it.
Vitamin D is synthesized in our body by using it and sunlight as substrate.
Production of bile acids that is responsible for the digestion of fats.
So it is clear that despite of the bad reputation it helps in many systems and should be consumed but like all other things, balance is key.
Cholesterol Levels:
If the levels of LDL goes too high or the level of HDL drops too low, it can lead to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition where fats build up in your arteries over time. It can lead to series of problems like Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke and Peripheral Artery Disease. Like hypertension, high levels of LDL does not cause any symptoms and act like a silent killer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) about 9.4 million U.S adults have high cholesterol levels.
How is Cholesterol Measured?
Lipid Profile or Lipid Panel is a blood test that measures cholesterol levels in blood. This test include total cholesterol levels, LDL, HDL and Triglycerides.
The desirable levels of TC should be less than 200 mg/dL. LDL should be less than 100 mg/dL. HDL should be equal to or more than 100 mg/dL. Triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dL.
However keep in mind that these value can differ from one person depending upon their lifestyle, body needs and comorbidities.
What Causes High Cholesterol?
There are many factors that can lead to high levels of cholesterol. Some of them are as follow.
1. Diet:
Diet plays an important role. Food that is high in Saturated fats and Trans fats can raise the levels of LDL. Some common food sources include red meat, full-fat dairy, fried foods and baked goods.
2. Genetics:
Familial Hypercholesterolemia is an inherited condition in which people have very high levels of cholesterol. These people are at risk of heart diseases even in early stages of life.
3. Physical Inactivity:
Exercise hold numerous benefits, it can help reduce the LDL and triglycerides and increase the HDL.
4. Obesity:
Obese individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Abdominal fat in particular can negatively impact the body cholesterol levels.
5. Smoking and Alcohol:
Smoking has been found to lower HDL while Alcohol consumption leads to increased levels of triglycerides.
6. Heart Conditions:
Conditions like diabetes, hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease can disrupt cholesterol metabolism.
Cholesterol and Heart Disease:
The relationship between cholesterol and heart disease is very well documented. Many researches have confirmed the link. When LDL accumulates in the arteries it form plaques. These plague decrease the lumen of arteries and restrict the flow of blood. If this plaque ruptures and lodges in a major artery it can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
A study known as Framingham Heart Study showed that LDL is the key predictor of cardiovascular events.
How Can You Lower Cholesterol?
I have mentioned some of the evidence based practical steps that can help you get rid of extra fats.
1. Eat Healthy:
Someone worried about his or her lipid profile results should start a diet that is rich in fibers. Oats, beans and flaxseed can help reduce LDL from the body. Fatty fish are rich in omega 3 fatty acids, which can reduce triglycerides. Your body need fats to function properly, so instead of butter go for olive oil, avocado and nuts. Avoid packed snacks and fast food because they contain trans fats.
2. Exercise Regularly:
Exercise can help you reduce LDL and triglycerides, it can raise HDL levels and improve overall health of your heart. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity workout per week.
3. Quit Smoking:
Smoking is known to cause numerous problems. Within 20 minutes of quitting, your blood pressure and heart rate drops and your HDL levels increases.
4. Manage Weight:
Obesity does not only alter you physical appearance but also your metabolism. Weight loss can make a significant difference. Losing just 5 to 10% of your body weight lowers your LDL and triglycerides levels and raise HDL. Intermediate level of exercise is recommended for better results.
5. Limit Alcohol:
Alcohol is known to cause a wide spectrum of problems. Many researches have confirmed association between alcohol consumption and fatty liver. Limiting alcohol consumption can make a significant difference.
Medications:
If you are unable to lower your LDL levels despite of making changes in your lifestyle you need to consider starting medicines. Some of the most common medicines prescribed to lower TC and LDL levels include:
1. Statins: No doubt the most prescribed drugs for high LDL levels are the statins. They block an enzyme in the liver that is needed to make the cholesterol. This group includes Atorvastatin, Simvastatin etc.
2. Ezetimibe: This medication decrease the absorption of cholesterol from food in gut.
3. PCSK9 Inhibitors: This is a new class of drugs. They are available in injectable forms and dramatically reduce the LDL levels in your body. This group includes Evolocumab and Alirocumab etc.
Conclusion:
Despite of the bad image, cholesterol is very important for the normal functioning of the body. However it is true that high levels of LDL can pose serious threats like atherosclerosis. It is important for us to differentiate between good and bad cholesterol. With the help of proper diet, exercise, and regular screening you can live a healthy life. If lifestyle modification is not enough you can also consider starting medications for lowering cholesterol levels. So the next time you hear the word cholesterol think of balance and not fear. If you liked this blog and want to know more about the human body go to my website Medrizz.com.
References:
• CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/facts.htm
• NIH Framingham Heart Study: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/science/framingham-heart-study
• Harvard Health: https://www.health.harvard.edu/nutrition/are-eggs-risky-for-heart-health
• American Heart Association: https://www.heart.org
FAQs:
Is Cholesterol always bad for you?
No, it is not always bad. In fact, your body needs it to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest food. The problem arises when “bad” cholesterol (LDL) levels are too high or “good” (HDL) levels are too low, which can lead to heart disease.
What’s the difference between LDL and HDL?
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is considered bad because it can build up in your arteries, leading to blockages. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is the good because it helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream.
Can I have high LDL levels without symptoms?
Yes. High LDL typically doesn’t cause any noticeable symptoms. It is often referred to as a “silent” condition, which is why regular testing is important.
How often should I check my TC?
Adults should have their levels checked every 4–6 years. However, if you have risk factors like obesity, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease, your doctor may recommend more frequent testing.
What are statins and are they safe?
Statins are medications that lower TC by blocking the liver’s ability to produce it. They are widely used and effective but can cause side effects in some people, such as muscle pain or digestive issues. Always consult your doctor about risks and benefits.
Does exercise really help improve?
Yes. Regular physical activity can lower LDL (bad) and raise HDL (good) levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise each week.